A Short History of Opera

Opera is an entertainment style involvingOne of the fathers of opera, Claudio Monteverdi
combined with orchestral music and singers whotook the decision early in his operas to add short
perform with characteristic classical method topperformances within his works that were
project their voice. Besides being trained in singing,designed to appeal to a wider audience. Ultimately
the Opera performers are also trained in stagethese short pieces were dropped as the crowds
craft.started to appreciate full length opera without
Opera was invented by a group of actors the midinterruption.
1500s in the Italian city of Florence, they wereThe growing demand for opera created different
actually performing classical Greek theater. Inschools of thought on the nature of opera. Some
addition, these actors were noble men educated incomposers preferred complex subtexts and
Latin and Greek.interwoven plots while others preferred a modest
The music style played in original Greek plays wasapproach.
quite simple with only a handful of instrumentalistsAs opera productions generally told the story of
playing flute, drums and lyre.love, many characters appearing on stage were
Fuller instruments often had drowned out theof course meant to be women, but renaissance
voice of the performers leading actors to developsociety frowned on female actors which led all
techniques for amplifying the voice. This helpedactors being men. This situation encouraged
the singers to sing their parts. Singing allowedcastrated men from all over Europe and the Arab
performers to project their voices further duringworld to make their way into theater.
the renaissance time as it was changing fromThe language of original operas was written in the
religious austerity to more creative endeavors.Italian of the great cities such as Florence and
This new style of theater was becoming popularVenice. However, Opera proved popular in other
by the end of the 16th century. New productionslanguages and has been able to transcend the
specially written for singing with accompanimentlanguage barrier to become popular elsewhere in
started appearing. The De Medici family in FlorenceGermany and France. In the 20th century, English
paid a composer Jacopo Peri for the very firstoperas became very popular.
opera entitled 'Dafne' in 1598 performed in theirEnglish opera had developed wholly different
private court. Unluckily much of the score wasdirections after getting banned during Cromwell's
lost but it still has a place in the history of opera.reign. After the return of the monarchy, opera
After few years, opera spread from Florence toprospered again but opera buffa proved more
rest of Italy, German Principalities, far west aspopular which led to a clearly English style of
England, north to the Austrian Empire, Spain andopera humor.
France. Florence and other great Italian cities likeEuropean immigrants in US brought love of opera
Venice, Rome and Milan dedicated opera houseswith them and passionate Americans adopted the
started to be built and tickets for performancesopera quickly as their own. In New York the
sold. Venice took the lead starting in 1637Metropolitan Opera company in the 20th century
eventually becoming the spiritual and cultural homewas leading in the development of modern opera
of opera.providing a base for modern opera to flourish.